Wednesday, September 23, 2015
Summer of 2015 Retrospective
From my perspective, the summer of 2015 differed from recent years for a variety of reasons. Increasing demands at work have placed limits on my leisure time, and as a result I have had less opportunities for local walking tours. In addition, there were fewer summer genealogy seminars or workshops offered in the Greater Boston area. In many ways I utilized my available time with genealogy this summer as I do in the winter, researching at home and at local repositories. My husband and I took DNA tests with Family Tree DNA and Ancestry.com, and I spent many fascinating hours at home analyzing the results of our autosomal and mitochondrial DNA tests and my husband's Y-DNA test. In late June my husband and I visited locales in Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota for a marvelous ten days of vacation, relaxation, and discovery. As summer closes and autumn begins I have some wonderful memories of our Western adventure and reflections upon recent genealogical discoveries as I look forward to a new slate of genealogy seminars and meetings for the fall and winter.
Wednesday, September 16, 2015
25th Anniversary of Ken Burns' Civil War
Last week PBS aired Ken Burns' epic documentary The Civil War to mark the 25th anniversary of the film's debut in 1990. I can hardly believe that it has been twenty-five years since I first viewed this monumental tribute to a defining era of American history. The first time I watched the nine-episode, eleven hour film, I thought it was overly long and I did not find the documentary format appealing. Yet, something about the film intrigued me, and I found that I couldn't stop watching it. Several years later I had a similar experience with the 1993 movie Gettysburg, based on Michael Shaara's Pulitzer Prize winning book, The Killer Angels. These presentations of Civil War history were so profound that they sparked within me a desire to research the war and to visit the battlefields where the war unfolded.
For the last fifteen years I have visited Gettysburg National Battlefield in Pennsylvania, Antietam National Battlefield in Maryland, and numerous battlefields, cemeteries, and theaters of the Civil War in Virginia. To walk on the land where terrible battles occurred is an intensely spiritual experience and I have been deeply moved at every location I have visited. I have been honored to stand on the ground at Gettysburg where my 2nd great granduncle Oliver Bates fought valiantly with the 20th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment on July 3, 1863 to repel the massive infantry assault known as Pickett's Charge. I have also walked along the route where my 2nd great granduncle Augustus Fairchild advanced with the 27th Connecticut Infantry Regiment on December 13, 1862 at Fredericksburg and was tragically killed in a doomed assault on Marye's Heights. I have visited the gravesite of my great granduncle Nathaniel Caverly of the 13th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment who was killed at Suffolk, Virginia on May 5, 1863 and buried in a place of honor far away from his home in Barrington, New Hampshire. I have visited cemeteries in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland to honor the fallen on both sides of the war.
The feeling of experiencing the past through a personal journey in the present is beyond compare. Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Colonel of the 20th Maine Infantry Regiment, spoke of the spiritual nature of battlefields during the dedication of the 20th Maine Monument at Gettysburg in 1889:
References:
1Joshua L. Chamberlain, Speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the monument to the 20th Maine Regiment, October 3, 1889.
For the last fifteen years I have visited Gettysburg National Battlefield in Pennsylvania, Antietam National Battlefield in Maryland, and numerous battlefields, cemeteries, and theaters of the Civil War in Virginia. To walk on the land where terrible battles occurred is an intensely spiritual experience and I have been deeply moved at every location I have visited. I have been honored to stand on the ground at Gettysburg where my 2nd great granduncle Oliver Bates fought valiantly with the 20th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment on July 3, 1863 to repel the massive infantry assault known as Pickett's Charge. I have also walked along the route where my 2nd great granduncle Augustus Fairchild advanced with the 27th Connecticut Infantry Regiment on December 13, 1862 at Fredericksburg and was tragically killed in a doomed assault on Marye's Heights. I have visited the gravesite of my great granduncle Nathaniel Caverly of the 13th New Hampshire Infantry Regiment who was killed at Suffolk, Virginia on May 5, 1863 and buried in a place of honor far away from his home in Barrington, New Hampshire. I have visited cemeteries in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland to honor the fallen on both sides of the war.
The feeling of experiencing the past through a personal journey in the present is beyond compare. Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Colonel of the 20th Maine Infantry Regiment, spoke of the spiritual nature of battlefields during the dedication of the 20th Maine Monument at Gettysburg in 1889:
In great deeds something abides. On great fields something stays. Forms change and pass; bodies disappear; but spirits linger, to consecrate ground for the vision-place of souls. And reverent men and women from afar, and generations that know us not and that we know not of, heart-drawn to see where and by whom great things were suffered and done for them, shall come to this deathless field, to ponder and dream; and lo! the shadow of a mighty presence shall wrap them in its bosom, and the power of the vision pass into their souls.1Thank you, Ken Burns, for your wonderful gift of filmmaking; in the Civil War you propelled me on a personal odyssey into the past and instilled in me a lifelong appreciation for Civil War history and for the sacrifices of the participants on both sides of the war.
References:
1Joshua L. Chamberlain, Speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the monument to the 20th Maine Regiment, October 3, 1889.
Wednesday, May 13, 2015
Publishing Workshop with Michael Tougias and Alison O'Leary
On Saturday I attended an engaging "Getting Published" workshop with author Michael Tougias and publicist Alison O'Leary. I recently had the pleasure of attending Michael's presentation, "King Philip's War in New England," at the New England Regional Genealogical Consortium (NERGC) Conference in Providence where I learned of the upcoming workshop. Michael and Alison presented and discussed various approaches to publishing one's written work and offered their own years of experience to assist and guide those who are new to the publishing arena. Michael Tougias is a successful author who has published over twenty books. His recent book, The Finest Hours, co-authored with Casey Sherman, has been produced by Disney Corporation into a movie version which is scheduled for release to theaters in January 2016. Alison O'Leary is a successful freelance editor, writer and publicist. I wish to thank Michael and Alison for a fantastic workshop and for sharing so much of their knowledge. I also wish to thank all of the participants of the workshop who shared their experiences and insights with the group. For additional information about Michael Tougias, including his presentation schedule, please visit http://www.michaeltougias.com. For additional information about Alison O'Leary please visit https://about.me/alison.3.oleary.
Friday, April 24, 2015
NERGC 2015
The New England Regional Genealogical Consortium (NERGC) 2015 conference was held in Providence, Rhode Island from Wednesday, April 15 through Sunday, April 19. I attended five seminars on both Friday and Saturday, and all were fantastic.
On Friday morning I attended Donna Moughty's excellent presentation, "Navigating the Best Online Sources for Irish Research" and Cheryll Toney Holley's absorbing lecture, "Navigating New England Waters via Native American Thoroughfares." A delicious lunch with table discussions, hosted by the New England Chapter of Professional Genealogists, followed the morning presentations. I was delighted to host a table discussion on Italian Research with an engaging and convivial group. The handout for the table discussion is available from the sidebar to the right or by clicking here. In the afternoon I attended Dwight Fitch's informative presentation, "Western Frontier Settlements of Massachusetts Bay Colony 1650-1710", Edwin Strickland's scholarly "Westmoreland - Connecticut's Lost Colony" and Michael Tougias' excellent presentation and discussion of "King Philip's War in New England."
On Saturday morning I attended Michael Brophy's excellent talk on "Descendancy Research", followed by Pauline Cusson's informative lecture, "Navigating Brick Wall Research in French-Canadian Records." A delicious lunch accompanied by an engaging talk with legal genealogist Judy Russell followed the morning presentations. In the afternoon I attended Bruce Frail's instructive presentation on "Sailing through Paperwork to Order a VA Headstone" and two fascinating back-to-back lectures on DNA research led by Blaine Bettinger, "The Science Fiction Future of Genetic Genealogy" and "Using Free Third-Party Tools to Analyze Your Autosomal DNA."
The conference was a well-attended and energizing experience. It was a great deal of fun to acquire new information and tips for my genealogical research toolkit and to reconnect with my colleagues and friends. In addition, this was my first visit to Providence and I thoroughly enjoyed the city and its delights, especially the superb culinary experience. I greatly anticipate the next NERGC conference in 2017 at Springfield, Massachusetts.
On Friday morning I attended Donna Moughty's excellent presentation, "Navigating the Best Online Sources for Irish Research" and Cheryll Toney Holley's absorbing lecture, "Navigating New England Waters via Native American Thoroughfares." A delicious lunch with table discussions, hosted by the New England Chapter of Professional Genealogists, followed the morning presentations. I was delighted to host a table discussion on Italian Research with an engaging and convivial group. The handout for the table discussion is available from the sidebar to the right or by clicking here. In the afternoon I attended Dwight Fitch's informative presentation, "Western Frontier Settlements of Massachusetts Bay Colony 1650-1710", Edwin Strickland's scholarly "Westmoreland - Connecticut's Lost Colony" and Michael Tougias' excellent presentation and discussion of "King Philip's War in New England."
On Saturday morning I attended Michael Brophy's excellent talk on "Descendancy Research", followed by Pauline Cusson's informative lecture, "Navigating Brick Wall Research in French-Canadian Records." A delicious lunch accompanied by an engaging talk with legal genealogist Judy Russell followed the morning presentations. In the afternoon I attended Bruce Frail's instructive presentation on "Sailing through Paperwork to Order a VA Headstone" and two fascinating back-to-back lectures on DNA research led by Blaine Bettinger, "The Science Fiction Future of Genetic Genealogy" and "Using Free Third-Party Tools to Analyze Your Autosomal DNA."
The conference was a well-attended and energizing experience. It was a great deal of fun to acquire new information and tips for my genealogical research toolkit and to reconnect with my colleagues and friends. In addition, this was my first visit to Providence and I thoroughly enjoyed the city and its delights, especially the superb culinary experience. I greatly anticipate the next NERGC conference in 2017 at Springfield, Massachusetts.
Thursday, March 26, 2015
Reburial of King Richard III in Leicester
Today Richard III of England, the last of the Plantagenet kings, is being laid to rest in a solemn ceremony in Leicester, England, 530 years after the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, where Richard was slain by the forces of Henry Tudor who succeeded him on the British throne as Henry VII. The Battle of Bosworth marked the end of the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic conquests for the throne of England between the House of Lancaster, led by Henry Tudor, and the House of York, led by Richard III.
Richard III ascended to the British throne upon the death of his brother, King Edward IV, in April 1483. Richard, however, was not first in line to the throne. Edward IV’s sons, Edward and Richard, were in the direct line of succession. On his deathbed Edward IV named his brother Richard Lord Protector of the Realm until his son and heir Edward, only twelve years old, reached adulthood. After Edward IV’s death Richard imprisoned his nephews Edward and Richard in the Tower of London, presumably under protection from the influence of Edward’s mother, Elizabeth Woodville, and her family until Edward’s coronation. Richard subsequently had his nephews declared illegitimate and took the throne in June 1483. The two princes were never seen alive again after Richard’s coronation.
Two years later, on August 22, 1485, Richard met the forces of Henry Tudor at Bosworth. Richard’s forces outnumbered those of Henry Tudor but at the last moment Lord Thomas Stanley, the third husband of Henry’s mother Margaret Beaufort, changed sides and fought for his stepson. Richard was surrounded by Henry’s forces and was brutally cut down. His body was stripped of his armor and he received a hasty burial at Greyfriars Chapel in Leicester. His burial spot was thought lost until 2012, when a skeleton was discovered in an excavation of a parking lot in Leicester. The skeleton was analyzed and discovered to bear wounds similar to those of Richard III at Bosworth. In 2013 analysis of mitochondrial DNA from the skeleton and from a living descendant of Richard III’s sister Anne of York proved that the skeleton was indeed Richard III.
Richard III has a dark and dubious legacy in history. His greatest crime may have been the murder of his nephews in order to ascend the throne of England. There is no concrete evidence to the fate of the two princes; it is not certain that the boys were murdered, and it is not clear who may have murdered them. Much of Richard’s negative legacy was written during the reign of his successor Henry Tudor. Since 1924 the Richard III Society has been reviewing historical documents to uncover the truth about Richard and to restore his legacy in history.
For more information about Richard III, the archeological excavation, and the burial proceedings this week, please visit http://kingrichardinleicester.com. For additional information about the research that led to the discovery of Richard III’s remains, please read The King's Grave: The Discovery of Richard III's Lost Burial Place and the Clues It Holds, by Philippa Langley and Michael Jones. For information about the Richard III society please visit http://www.richardIII.net.
I have always been fascinated by the dynastic clashes over the battles for the throne, and particularly so for the period known as the Wars of the Roses. There is a personal element involved for me, as I may be a lineal descendant of Queen Elizabeth Woodville, the wife of Edward IV, through her first husband Sir John Grey. Elizabeth Woodville may have been the 4th great-grandmother of my ancestor Anne Dudley Bradstreet through her only surviving son, Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset. In the 1990's genealogist Marshall Kirk constructed an indirect proof to determine the likely descent of Governor Thomas Dudley of Massachusetts from the Sutton-Dudley baronial lines. Gary Boyd Roberts of the New England Historic Genealogical Society included Marshall's theory in his study of royal descents of early American settlers, The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants to the American Colonies of the United States. Although not proven with direct evidence Marshall's theory seems plausible. To view Anne Dudley Bradstreet's proposed descent from Elizabeth Woodville please click here.
Richard III ascended to the British throne upon the death of his brother, King Edward IV, in April 1483. Richard, however, was not first in line to the throne. Edward IV’s sons, Edward and Richard, were in the direct line of succession. On his deathbed Edward IV named his brother Richard Lord Protector of the Realm until his son and heir Edward, only twelve years old, reached adulthood. After Edward IV’s death Richard imprisoned his nephews Edward and Richard in the Tower of London, presumably under protection from the influence of Edward’s mother, Elizabeth Woodville, and her family until Edward’s coronation. Richard subsequently had his nephews declared illegitimate and took the throne in June 1483. The two princes were never seen alive again after Richard’s coronation.
Two years later, on August 22, 1485, Richard met the forces of Henry Tudor at Bosworth. Richard’s forces outnumbered those of Henry Tudor but at the last moment Lord Thomas Stanley, the third husband of Henry’s mother Margaret Beaufort, changed sides and fought for his stepson. Richard was surrounded by Henry’s forces and was brutally cut down. His body was stripped of his armor and he received a hasty burial at Greyfriars Chapel in Leicester. His burial spot was thought lost until 2012, when a skeleton was discovered in an excavation of a parking lot in Leicester. The skeleton was analyzed and discovered to bear wounds similar to those of Richard III at Bosworth. In 2013 analysis of mitochondrial DNA from the skeleton and from a living descendant of Richard III’s sister Anne of York proved that the skeleton was indeed Richard III.
Richard III has a dark and dubious legacy in history. His greatest crime may have been the murder of his nephews in order to ascend the throne of England. There is no concrete evidence to the fate of the two princes; it is not certain that the boys were murdered, and it is not clear who may have murdered them. Much of Richard’s negative legacy was written during the reign of his successor Henry Tudor. Since 1924 the Richard III Society has been reviewing historical documents to uncover the truth about Richard and to restore his legacy in history.
For more information about Richard III, the archeological excavation, and the burial proceedings this week, please visit http://kingrichardinleicester.com. For additional information about the research that led to the discovery of Richard III’s remains, please read The King's Grave: The Discovery of Richard III's Lost Burial Place and the Clues It Holds, by Philippa Langley and Michael Jones. For information about the Richard III society please visit http://www.richardIII.net.
I have always been fascinated by the dynastic clashes over the battles for the throne, and particularly so for the period known as the Wars of the Roses. There is a personal element involved for me, as I may be a lineal descendant of Queen Elizabeth Woodville, the wife of Edward IV, through her first husband Sir John Grey. Elizabeth Woodville may have been the 4th great-grandmother of my ancestor Anne Dudley Bradstreet through her only surviving son, Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset. In the 1990's genealogist Marshall Kirk constructed an indirect proof to determine the likely descent of Governor Thomas Dudley of Massachusetts from the Sutton-Dudley baronial lines. Gary Boyd Roberts of the New England Historic Genealogical Society included Marshall's theory in his study of royal descents of early American settlers, The Royal Descents of 600 Immigrants to the American Colonies of the United States. Although not proven with direct evidence Marshall's theory seems plausible. To view Anne Dudley Bradstreet's proposed descent from Elizabeth Woodville please click here.
Wednesday, March 11, 2015
Winter's Waning
The winter of 2015 has been one of the most severe and challenging of winters in New England history. During the month of February we experienced a long period of heavy snow and bitterly cold temperatures, shattering all-time regional records for snowfall and intense cold. Fortunately, with the advent of March, we have seen a lessening of the severe cold and snow that incapacitated the Northeast and are looking forward to milder temperatures and a melting of snow.
Reading is my antidote to winter weather, and I have been engrossed in several excellent reads in recent months. I have been reading Hugh Dorian's The Outer Side of Ulster, a fascinating memoir of social life in Donegal in the 1800's, edited by Dr. Breandan MacSuibhne and David Dickson. This excellent volume provides context into the lives of my Donegal ancestors in the early 1800's before they emigrated to Nova Scotia in 1837. I am also reading James Donovan's A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn - The Last Great Battle of the American West, a well-researched and thrilling account of the events leading up to and including General George Armstrong Custer's fateful encounter at Little Bighorn in 1876. On the lighter side I am enjoying several works of historical fiction, including Diana Gabaldon's Outlander and Dragonfly in Amber from the Outlander series, Philippa Gregory's The White Princess, The Kingmaker's Daughter, and The Lady of the Rivers from the Cousins' War series, and Ralph Peters' Cain at Gettysburg.
As a genealogist and historian I anticipate the approach of spring with a return to outdoor activities and travel, as well as attending upcoming genealogical events. In celebration of St. Patrick's Day the New England Historical and Genealogical Society (NEHGS) and the Ulster Historical Foundation collaborate in an all-day program of lectures and discussion of Researching Your Irish Ancestors: Strategies for Success on March 21. NEHGS is also offering an online course led by Marie Daly entitled Irish Genealogical Research: Sources and Methods, offered on March 18, March 25, and April 1. The New England Regional Genealogical Consortium (NERGC) will be holding their biennial conference in Providence, Rhode Island from April 15 through April 18. As I plan my activities for warmer weather I am delighted that spring through autumn in the Boston area offers many opportunities and experiences for walking tours and historical explorations.
For additional information about educational events at NEHGS please visit http://www.americanancestors.org/education/. For additional information about the NERGC conference in Providence please visit http://www.nergc.org/.
Reading is my antidote to winter weather, and I have been engrossed in several excellent reads in recent months. I have been reading Hugh Dorian's The Outer Side of Ulster, a fascinating memoir of social life in Donegal in the 1800's, edited by Dr. Breandan MacSuibhne and David Dickson. This excellent volume provides context into the lives of my Donegal ancestors in the early 1800's before they emigrated to Nova Scotia in 1837. I am also reading James Donovan's A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn - The Last Great Battle of the American West, a well-researched and thrilling account of the events leading up to and including General George Armstrong Custer's fateful encounter at Little Bighorn in 1876. On the lighter side I am enjoying several works of historical fiction, including Diana Gabaldon's Outlander and Dragonfly in Amber from the Outlander series, Philippa Gregory's The White Princess, The Kingmaker's Daughter, and The Lady of the Rivers from the Cousins' War series, and Ralph Peters' Cain at Gettysburg.
As a genealogist and historian I anticipate the approach of spring with a return to outdoor activities and travel, as well as attending upcoming genealogical events. In celebration of St. Patrick's Day the New England Historical and Genealogical Society (NEHGS) and the Ulster Historical Foundation collaborate in an all-day program of lectures and discussion of Researching Your Irish Ancestors: Strategies for Success on March 21. NEHGS is also offering an online course led by Marie Daly entitled Irish Genealogical Research: Sources and Methods, offered on March 18, March 25, and April 1. The New England Regional Genealogical Consortium (NERGC) will be holding their biennial conference in Providence, Rhode Island from April 15 through April 18. As I plan my activities for warmer weather I am delighted that spring through autumn in the Boston area offers many opportunities and experiences for walking tours and historical explorations.
For additional information about educational events at NEHGS please visit http://www.americanancestors.org/education/. For additional information about the NERGC conference in Providence please visit http://www.nergc.org/.
Monday, December 8, 2014
Boston University Genealogy Alumni Meeting Schedule for 2015
The schedule for Boston University Genealogy Program alumni meetings for 2015 is listed below. All meetings are held at the New England Historic and Genealogical Society beginning at 9:15 A.M. except where otherwise noted. Special thanks to Liz Loveland, coordinator of the in-person meeting group, for arranging and scheduling the meeting times and for sharing with the group.
January 17
February 28 at 1:15 P.M.
March 28 at 1:15 P.M.
No dates worked for both us & NEHGS for April: Those that are going to NERGC and/or the Mass. Historical Society Conference can have meetups at one or both instead.
May 30
June 20
July 18
August 22
September 26 at 1:15 P.M.
No dates worked for both us & NEHGS for October. Liz will work on organizing a day trip for us in lieu of a meeting.
November 21
December 19
January 17
February 28 at 1:15 P.M.
March 28 at 1:15 P.M.
No dates worked for both us & NEHGS for April: Those that are going to NERGC and/or the Mass. Historical Society Conference can have meetups at one or both instead.
May 30
June 20
July 18
August 22
September 26 at 1:15 P.M.
No dates worked for both us & NEHGS for October. Liz will work on organizing a day trip for us in lieu of a meeting.
November 21
December 19
Friday, November 21, 2014
TIARA Annual Holiday Banquet
Last Saturday I attended the 2014 Holiday Banquet hosted by the Irish Ancestral Research Association (TIARA) with my genealogy friend and colleague Sharon Daly. The banquet was held at the Historic Wayside Inn in Sudbury, Massachusetts. A traditional New England holiday meal was served, including a cheese and fruit tray, hot mulled apple cider, bread, New England clam chowder, a main course selection of boneless chicken breast with cranberry stuffing or baked salmon, mashed potato, squash, and chocolate cake. I wish to thank all of the officers and organizers of TIARA for a truly marvelous and special event.
TIARA hosts frequent Irish genealogy events and trips throughout the year. For additional information about TIARA please visit their website at http://www.tiara.ie.
TIARA hosts frequent Irish genealogy events and trips throughout the year. For additional information about TIARA please visit their website at http://www.tiara.ie.
Friday, November 14, 2014
NEAPG Annual Meeting
Last Saturday I attended the Annual Meeting of the New England Chapter of the Association of Professional Genealogists (NEAPG), held at the Tisch Library at Tufts University in Medford. Dave Robison, president of NEAPG, led the business meeting with election of officers for 2015. Two presentations followed after lunch. Brent Chadwick led an informative session entitled "Learn the Elements to Create a Family Sketch Template in Microsoft Word", and Margaret Fortier gave an illustrative lecture on "Visualizing Information for Genealogists." The well-attended meeting was an excellent opportunity to learn, connect, and share with fellow genealogists.
The New England Association of Professional Genealogists (NEAPG) is a satellite chapter of the Association of Professional Genealogists (APG). NEAPG holds frequent meetings throughout the year. For additional information about NEAPG please visit their website at http://www.neapg.org/. For additional information about APG please visit their website at https://www.apgen.org/.
Friday, October 24, 2014
Connecticut Society of Genealogists Annual Family History Seminar
Last Saturday I attended the Connecticut Society of Genealogists Family History Seminar, held annually at the Best Western Hotel in North Haven, Connecticut. The seminar highlighted four excellent presentations tailored for Connecticut genealogical researchers. Mel Smith, Reference Services Librarian at the Connecticut State Library, led an excellent lecture entitled "Beyond the Barbour Collection, Finding your Connecticut Ancestor in Governmental Records," focusing on the depth and breadth of government record collections at the Connecticut State Library. Diana McCain and Carol Whitmer of the Connecticut Historical Society presented "How Object Collections Complement Paper Records Research" with a fascinating discussion and display of ephemera from the Connecticut Historical Society special collections. Nora Galvin presented a methodical approach to genealogical research incorporating evidence analysis and the Genealogical Proof Standard in her lecture, "How to Create a Research Plan from One Documental Source." Jennifer Zinck concluded the sessions with a timely and fascinating talk on "DNA and Genealogical Research." All the presentations were superb. I have attended four of the last five CSG Family History Seminars and every seminar has made me wish that I lived in closer proximity to the libraries and archives in Connecticut.
For additional information about the Connecticut Society of Genealogists please visit their website at
For additional information about the Connecticut Society of Genealogists please visit their website at
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Salem Witchcraft Hysteria Sites in Danvers
On the North Shore of Boston, crowds of tourists visit Salem to attend the "Haunted Happenings" held annually in October. Yet the foundations of the original "Haunted Happenings," the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria, occurred in 1692 in Danvers, known at that time as Salem Village. The original boundaries of the Salem community encompassed many of the towns that are adjacent to Salem, including Danvers, Peabody, and Middleton.
The center of the Salem Village community was located in and around the First Church of Danvers and the site of the Meeting House. The site of the original First Church in Danvers is located on the corner of Centre and Hobart Streets and is now the location of the Congregational First Church of Danvers.
Directly across from the First Church is innkeeper Nathaniel Ingersoll's Ordinary, a tavern, where many of those accused of witchcraft during the Hysteria were examined.
One block away along Hobart Street from these sites is the original site of the Salem Village Meeting House and the memorial to victims of the Witchcraft Hysteria. The Meeting House is the location where many of the accused were questioned and examined. The Meeting House was dismantled in 1702. Directly across Hobart Street from the Meeting House site is the Witchcraft Victims Memorial, dedicated to the victims of the Witchcraft Hysteria in 1992 on the Tricentennial anniversary of the tragic events.
Inscribed on the center sections of the monument are the names of twenty-five victims who died during the Hysteria, including twenty who were executed and five who died while imprisoned.
The names of those who died during the Hysteria are inscribed as follows:
Died in jail May 10, 1692
SARAH OSBURN of Salem Village
Hanged June 10, 1692
BRIDGET BISHOP of Salem
Died in jail June 16, 1692
ROGER TOOTHAKER of Billerica
Died in jail previous to July 19, 1692
INFANT DAUGHTER to Sarah Good of Salem Village
Hanged July 19, 1692
SARAH GOOD of Salem Village
ELIZABETH HOW of Topsfield
SUSANNAH MARTIN of Amesbury
REBECCA NURSE of Salem Village
SARAH WILDS of Topsfield
Hanged August 19, 1692
REV. GEORGE BURROUGHS of Wells, Maine formerly of Salem Village
MARTHA CARRIER of Andover
GEORGE JACOBS, SR. of Salem
JOHN PROCTER, SR. of Salem Farmes
JOHN WILLARD OF Salem Village
Died under torture September 19, 1692
GILES CORY of Salem Farmes
Hanged September 22, 1692
MARTHA CORY of Salem Farmes
MARY ESTY of Topsfield
ALICE PARKER of Salem
MARY PARKER of Andover
ANN PUDEATOR of Salem
WILMOT REDD of Marblehead
MARGARET SCOTT of Rowley
SAMUEL WARDWELL of Andover
Died in jail December 3, 1692
ANN FOSTER of Andover
Died in jail March 10, 1693
LYDIA DASTIN of Reading
On the outer leaves of the monument are quotations from some of the Witchcraft Hysteria victims.
The inscribed quotations read as follows:
"I am an innocent person. I never had to do with witchcraft since I was born. I am a Gosple woman." MARTHA CORY
"The Lord above knows my Innocencye as att the great day will be known to men and Angells. I Petition to your honours not for my own life for I know I must die and my appointed time is sett but the Lord he knows it is that if it be possible no more Innocent blood be shed." MARY ESTY
"If it was the last moment I was to live. God knows I am innocent." ELIZABETH HOW
"Well! Burn me, or hang me, I will stand in the truth of Christ." GEORGE JACOBS, SR.
"Amen. Amen. A false tongue will never make a guilty person." SUSANNAH MARTIN
"I CAN SAY BEFORE MY Eternal father I am innocent & God will clear my innocency." REBECCA NURSE
"The Magistrates, Ministers, Jewries, and all the People in general being so much inraged and incensed against us by the Delusion of the Devil, which we can term no other, by reason we know in our own Consciences, we are all Innocent Persons." JOHN PROCTER SR.
"I fear not but the Lord in his due time will make me as white as snow." JOHN WILLARD
Located a short distance away, behind 67 Centre Street, is the archaelogical site of the parish house of Reverend Samuel Parris, the minister of Salem Village during the Hysteria. The foundations of the original parish buildings are still visible. It was in his house that the Hysteria reportedly began, as Parris' servant Tituba told tales to several young girls, including Parris' daughter Betty, followed by strange behavior in the girls attributed to bewitchment.
Along Centre Street in Danvers are many homes that date to the time at or before the Witchcraft Hysteria, including the house of innkeeper Thomas Haines at 35 Centre Street, which was built around 1681, and the house of yeoman Joseph Houlton at 19 Centre Street, which was built around 1671.
Directly across from 92-94 Centre Street is the Village Training Field, established in 1671 for the defense of the town.
At the intersection of Holten and Centre Streets, at 171 Holten Street, is the home of Samuel Holten, a prominent Revolutionary War statesman from Danvers. In 1692 this was the home of widow Sarah Holten, a neighbor of Francis and Rebecca Nurse. Sarah gave devastating testimony against Rebecca Nurse during the Witchcraft Trials, indicating that Rebecca had cursed her husband three years earlier when the Holtens' pigs had strayed onto the Nurse family property.
Located nearby is the Rebecca Nurse House on 149 Pine Street. The home and grounds has been preserved by the Rebecca Nurse Memorial Association and is now maintained by the Danvers Alarm List Company, a historical reenactment unit. A small cemetery with a monument to Rebecca's memory is located on the grounds, but it is likely that Rebecca is buried in an unmarked grave elsewhere on the family property. According to legend, after her execution and burial on Gallows Hill in Salem on July 19, 1692, her family rescued her body at night and buried her in a secret place on the Nurse property.
Located on the grounds is a replica of the Salem Village Meeting House, which was constructed for the 1985 PBS Documentary, Three Sovereigns for Sarah, a story of the devastating effects of the Witchcraft Hysteria on sisters Sarah (Towne) Cloyce, Rebecca (Towne) Nurse and Mary (Towne) Esty. Rebecca and Mary were victims of the Hysteria. Sarah was accused of witchcraft and subsequently imprisoned. She was freed from jail in January 1693.
Located at the intersection of Route 1 and Route 62 (Maple Street), adjacent to the Putnam Pantry candy shop, is the home of Revolutionary War hero General Israel Putnam. Israel was the son of Joseph Putnam and Elizabeth Porter. Joseph was the favored son of his father Thomas Putnam, who left his property and fortune to the infant Joseph shortly after he was born. Joseph was the son of Thomas Putnam and Mary Veren, Thomas's second wife. Thomas's sons by his first marriage, Thomas Jr. and Edward, were incensed at their disinheritance by their father. Their disenfranchisement led to resentment that fueled the Hysteria. Thomas Jr., his wife Ann (Carr) Putnam, and daughter Ann were among the leading accusers in the community.
Thomas Putnam, his wife Ann (Carr) Putnam, and daughter Ann are buried in unmarked graves under this mound in front of the tree in the small Putnam Cemetery, directly adjacent to the Massachusetts State Police Headquarters on Maple Street (Route 62).
Located about a mile away along Maple Street (Route 62) is the Wadsworth Cemetery on Summer Street, near the intersection of Summer and Maple Streets. Many Putnam family members are buried here, including the immigrant John Putnam, one of the first settlers of Salem, and his son, Captain John Putnam.
Elizabeth Parris, wife of minister Samuel Parris, is buried in a grave behind the John Putnam tombstone. The inscription on Elizabeth's gravestone is worn but her name is still legible.
The homes of two women who were accused of witchcraft and who died during the Hysteria are still standing. The home of Sarah Osborne, who died in a Boston prison on May 10, 1692, is located at 273 Maple Street (Route 62). During the Witchcraft Hysteria this home was located on Spring Street and was later moved to its current location on Maple Street.
The home of innkeeper Bridget Bishop, who was hanged on June 10, 1692, is located at 238 Conant Street near the Danvers/Beverly town line.
For additional information about the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria please visit my reading list on the Suggested Reading page of this blog under the heading "New England - Salem Witchcraft Hysteria" and my Links page under the heading "New England History" for some excellent websites. The Salem Witch Museum hosts a site for locales of the Witchcraft Hysteria, 1692 Tour Sites and Danvers 1692 sites. In addition to Danvers, the website contains 1692 tour locales for Amesbury, Andover, Beverly, Boston, Haverhill, Marblehead, Peabody, Salem, Salisbury, and Wenham. Also, the Danvers Preservation Commission hosts a fantastic site on Danvers history, Historical Sites of Danvers.
The center of the Salem Village community was located in and around the First Church of Danvers and the site of the Meeting House. The site of the original First Church in Danvers is located on the corner of Centre and Hobart Streets and is now the location of the Congregational First Church of Danvers.
Directly across from the First Church is innkeeper Nathaniel Ingersoll's Ordinary, a tavern, where many of those accused of witchcraft during the Hysteria were examined.
One block away along Hobart Street from these sites is the original site of the Salem Village Meeting House and the memorial to victims of the Witchcraft Hysteria. The Meeting House is the location where many of the accused were questioned and examined. The Meeting House was dismantled in 1702. Directly across Hobart Street from the Meeting House site is the Witchcraft Victims Memorial, dedicated to the victims of the Witchcraft Hysteria in 1992 on the Tricentennial anniversary of the tragic events.
Inscribed on the center sections of the monument are the names of twenty-five victims who died during the Hysteria, including twenty who were executed and five who died while imprisoned.
The names of those who died during the Hysteria are inscribed as follows:
Died in jail May 10, 1692
SARAH OSBURN of Salem Village
Hanged June 10, 1692
BRIDGET BISHOP of Salem
Died in jail June 16, 1692
ROGER TOOTHAKER of Billerica
Died in jail previous to July 19, 1692
INFANT DAUGHTER to Sarah Good of Salem Village
Hanged July 19, 1692
SARAH GOOD of Salem Village
ELIZABETH HOW of Topsfield
SUSANNAH MARTIN of Amesbury
REBECCA NURSE of Salem Village
SARAH WILDS of Topsfield
Hanged August 19, 1692
REV. GEORGE BURROUGHS of Wells, Maine formerly of Salem Village
MARTHA CARRIER of Andover
GEORGE JACOBS, SR. of Salem
JOHN PROCTER, SR. of Salem Farmes
JOHN WILLARD OF Salem Village
Died under torture September 19, 1692
GILES CORY of Salem Farmes
Hanged September 22, 1692
MARTHA CORY of Salem Farmes
MARY ESTY of Topsfield
ALICE PARKER of Salem
MARY PARKER of Andover
ANN PUDEATOR of Salem
WILMOT REDD of Marblehead
MARGARET SCOTT of Rowley
SAMUEL WARDWELL of Andover
Died in jail December 3, 1692
ANN FOSTER of Andover
Died in jail March 10, 1693
LYDIA DASTIN of Reading
On the outer leaves of the monument are quotations from some of the Witchcraft Hysteria victims.
The inscribed quotations read as follows:
"I am an innocent person. I never had to do with witchcraft since I was born. I am a Gosple woman." MARTHA CORY
"The Lord above knows my Innocencye as att the great day will be known to men and Angells. I Petition to your honours not for my own life for I know I must die and my appointed time is sett but the Lord he knows it is that if it be possible no more Innocent blood be shed." MARY ESTY
"If it was the last moment I was to live. God knows I am innocent." ELIZABETH HOW
"Well! Burn me, or hang me, I will stand in the truth of Christ." GEORGE JACOBS, SR.
"Amen. Amen. A false tongue will never make a guilty person." SUSANNAH MARTIN
"I CAN SAY BEFORE MY Eternal father I am innocent & God will clear my innocency." REBECCA NURSE
"The Magistrates, Ministers, Jewries, and all the People in general being so much inraged and incensed against us by the Delusion of the Devil, which we can term no other, by reason we know in our own Consciences, we are all Innocent Persons." JOHN PROCTER SR.
"I fear not but the Lord in his due time will make me as white as snow." JOHN WILLARD
Located a short distance away, behind 67 Centre Street, is the archaelogical site of the parish house of Reverend Samuel Parris, the minister of Salem Village during the Hysteria. The foundations of the original parish buildings are still visible. It was in his house that the Hysteria reportedly began, as Parris' servant Tituba told tales to several young girls, including Parris' daughter Betty, followed by strange behavior in the girls attributed to bewitchment.
Along Centre Street in Danvers are many homes that date to the time at or before the Witchcraft Hysteria, including the house of innkeeper Thomas Haines at 35 Centre Street, which was built around 1681, and the house of yeoman Joseph Houlton at 19 Centre Street, which was built around 1671.
Directly across from 92-94 Centre Street is the Village Training Field, established in 1671 for the defense of the town.
At the intersection of Holten and Centre Streets, at 171 Holten Street, is the home of Samuel Holten, a prominent Revolutionary War statesman from Danvers. In 1692 this was the home of widow Sarah Holten, a neighbor of Francis and Rebecca Nurse. Sarah gave devastating testimony against Rebecca Nurse during the Witchcraft Trials, indicating that Rebecca had cursed her husband three years earlier when the Holtens' pigs had strayed onto the Nurse family property.
Located nearby is the Rebecca Nurse House on 149 Pine Street. The home and grounds has been preserved by the Rebecca Nurse Memorial Association and is now maintained by the Danvers Alarm List Company, a historical reenactment unit. A small cemetery with a monument to Rebecca's memory is located on the grounds, but it is likely that Rebecca is buried in an unmarked grave elsewhere on the family property. According to legend, after her execution and burial on Gallows Hill in Salem on July 19, 1692, her family rescued her body at night and buried her in a secret place on the Nurse property.
Located on the grounds is a replica of the Salem Village Meeting House, which was constructed for the 1985 PBS Documentary, Three Sovereigns for Sarah, a story of the devastating effects of the Witchcraft Hysteria on sisters Sarah (Towne) Cloyce, Rebecca (Towne) Nurse and Mary (Towne) Esty. Rebecca and Mary were victims of the Hysteria. Sarah was accused of witchcraft and subsequently imprisoned. She was freed from jail in January 1693.
Located at the intersection of Route 1 and Route 62 (Maple Street), adjacent to the Putnam Pantry candy shop, is the home of Revolutionary War hero General Israel Putnam. Israel was the son of Joseph Putnam and Elizabeth Porter. Joseph was the favored son of his father Thomas Putnam, who left his property and fortune to the infant Joseph shortly after he was born. Joseph was the son of Thomas Putnam and Mary Veren, Thomas's second wife. Thomas's sons by his first marriage, Thomas Jr. and Edward, were incensed at their disinheritance by their father. Their disenfranchisement led to resentment that fueled the Hysteria. Thomas Jr., his wife Ann (Carr) Putnam, and daughter Ann were among the leading accusers in the community.
Thomas Putnam, his wife Ann (Carr) Putnam, and daughter Ann are buried in unmarked graves under this mound in front of the tree in the small Putnam Cemetery, directly adjacent to the Massachusetts State Police Headquarters on Maple Street (Route 62).
Located about a mile away along Maple Street (Route 62) is the Wadsworth Cemetery on Summer Street, near the intersection of Summer and Maple Streets. Many Putnam family members are buried here, including the immigrant John Putnam, one of the first settlers of Salem, and his son, Captain John Putnam.
Elizabeth Parris, wife of minister Samuel Parris, is buried in a grave behind the John Putnam tombstone. The inscription on Elizabeth's gravestone is worn but her name is still legible.
The homes of two women who were accused of witchcraft and who died during the Hysteria are still standing. The home of Sarah Osborne, who died in a Boston prison on May 10, 1692, is located at 273 Maple Street (Route 62). During the Witchcraft Hysteria this home was located on Spring Street and was later moved to its current location on Maple Street.
The home of innkeeper Bridget Bishop, who was hanged on June 10, 1692, is located at 238 Conant Street near the Danvers/Beverly town line.
For additional information about the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria please visit my reading list on the Suggested Reading page of this blog under the heading "New England - Salem Witchcraft Hysteria" and my Links page under the heading "New England History" for some excellent websites. The Salem Witch Museum hosts a site for locales of the Witchcraft Hysteria, 1692 Tour Sites and Danvers 1692 sites. In addition to Danvers, the website contains 1692 tour locales for Amesbury, Andover, Beverly, Boston, Haverhill, Marblehead, Peabody, Salem, Salisbury, and Wenham. Also, the Danvers Preservation Commission hosts a fantastic site on Danvers history, Historical Sites of Danvers.
Friday, October 17, 2014
MSOG October Meeting with Dave Robison
Last Saturday I attended the October meeting of the Middlesex Chapter of the Massachusetts Society of Genealogists (MSOG) held at the Acton Public Library. Dave Robison led an interesting presentation on "Search Strategies You Haven’t Tried – Search Sites You Never Thought Of," focusing on strategies and websites to assist with various aspects of genealogical research. Dave is the current president of the New England Chapter of the Association of Professional Genealogists (NEAPG) and is the sole owner and researcher for Old Bones Genealogy and provides consultation, classes and workshops for genealogists.
The Massachusetts Society of Genealogists (MSOG) has five chapters and meets monthly, with the Middlesex Chapter events occurring at public libraries in Acton, Lexington, or Sudbury. For additional information about the Massachusetts Society of Genealogists please visit their website at http://www.massachusettssocietyofgenealogists.org/index.php.
The Massachusetts Society of Genealogists (MSOG) has five chapters and meets monthly, with the Middlesex Chapter events occurring at public libraries in Acton, Lexington, or Sudbury. For additional information about the Massachusetts Society of Genealogists please visit their website at http://www.massachusettssocietyofgenealogists.org/index.php.
Tuesday, October 14, 2014
Seven Men of Danvers
Yesterday I visited the monument to the Seven Minutemen of Danvers who were killed at the Jason Russell House in Arlington (Menotomy) on April 19, 1775. At the time of the American Revolution Peabody was part of Danvers and was referred to as "South Danvers." The monument is located on the corner of Washington and Sewall Streets, adjacent to the Family United Methodist Church on Washington Street.
Inscribed on the front of the monument are the names of the seven men killed at Arlington (Menotomy). Although the monument reads "Battle of Lexington," these men were killed at the Jason Russell House in Arlington. The seven men are listed from oldest to youngest: Samuel Cook, age 35; Benjamin Deland, age 25; George Southwick, age 25; Jotham Webb, age 22; Henry Jacobs, age 21; Ebenezer Goldthwaite, age 21; Perley Putnam, age 21.
On the back of the monument is a dedication plaque which reads, "Erected by the Citizens of Danvers on the 60th Anniversary 1835" on the sixtieth anniversary of the Battles of Lexington/Concord/Menotomy, April 19, 1835.
Located across the street is the General Gideon Foster House and the Osborn-Salata House, now the homes of the Peabody Historical Society.
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Four of the seven men, namely George Southwick Jr., Benjamin Deland Jr., Ebenezer Goldthwaite, and Samuel Cook Jr., are buried in the nearby Old South Burying Ground on Main Street in Peabody, on the Peabody-Salem line. The stones have been replaced recently, as the original burial stones have been lost.
1
2
3
4
Henry Jacobs is buried in the nearby Jacobs Family Cemetery. The burial sites of Jotham Webb and Perley Putnam are unknown at present. All five men whose burial sites are known were privates in the company of militia led by Captain Samuel Eppes, First Lieutenant Benjamin Jacobs and Second Lieutenant Gideon Foster, who later became a General during the Revolutionary War. Jotham Webb and Perley Putnam were privates in the company of minutemen led by Captain Israel Hutchinson, First Lieutenant Enoch Putnam and Second Lieutenant Aaron Cheever.5 Captain Israel Hutchinson lived on Water Street in the Danversport section of Danvers; reportedly the two slain men of his company were laid out in his home after the Battle of Menotomy. 6 It is likely that Perley Putnam and Jotham Webb are buried in Danvers. More research is needed to determine their burial sites.
In nearby Danvers, adjacent to the Village Training Field on Centre Street in the Salem Village Historic District, is a memorial to Danvers men killed in battle in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Mexican War.
Danvers men who responded to the call of military service in the 1700's and 1800's prepared for war on this historic field. The seven Danvers Minutemen trained and gathered here with other Danvers Minutemen before their fateful march to Arlington on April 19, 1775. The names of the seven Danvers Minutemen killed at the Jason Russell House, along with thirteen additional Danvers men killed during the American Revolution, are memorialized on the Revolutionary War monument.
This journey has personal significance for me, as Perley Putnam, my husband's fifth-great granduncle, is one of the seven Danvers Minutemen immortalized on the monuments in Peabody and Danvers.
For more information about the Jason Russell House and the Battle of Menotomy, please visit my blog post Isaac Royal House and Jason Russell House Tours.
References:
1Old South Burying Ground (Peabody, Essex County, Massachusetts), George Southwick Jr. marker, photographed by Carol Swaine-Kuzel, 13 October 2014.
2Old South Burying Ground, Benjamin Deland Jr. marker, photographed by Carol Swaine-Kuzel, 13 October 2014.
3Old South Burying Ground, Ebenezer Goldthwaite marker, photographed by Carol Swaine-Kuzel, 13 October 2014.
4Old South Burying Ground, Samuel Cook Jr. marker, photographed by Carol Swaine-Kuzel, 13 October 2014.
5John Wesley Hanson, History of the Town of Danvers, From Its Early Settlement to the Year 1848 (Danvers, Mass.: Published by the author, 1848), 107-108.
6Richard B. Trask, Danvers (Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2002), 62.
Inscribed on the front of the monument are the names of the seven men killed at Arlington (Menotomy). Although the monument reads "Battle of Lexington," these men were killed at the Jason Russell House in Arlington. The seven men are listed from oldest to youngest: Samuel Cook, age 35; Benjamin Deland, age 25; George Southwick, age 25; Jotham Webb, age 22; Henry Jacobs, age 21; Ebenezer Goldthwaite, age 21; Perley Putnam, age 21.
On the back of the monument is a dedication plaque which reads, "Erected by the Citizens of Danvers on the 60th Anniversary 1835" on the sixtieth anniversary of the Battles of Lexington/Concord/Menotomy, April 19, 1835.
Located across the street is the General Gideon Foster House and the Osborn-Salata House, now the homes of the Peabody Historical Society.
<
Four of the seven men, namely George Southwick Jr., Benjamin Deland Jr., Ebenezer Goldthwaite, and Samuel Cook Jr., are buried in the nearby Old South Burying Ground on Main Street in Peabody, on the Peabody-Salem line. The stones have been replaced recently, as the original burial stones have been lost.
1
2
3
4Henry Jacobs is buried in the nearby Jacobs Family Cemetery. The burial sites of Jotham Webb and Perley Putnam are unknown at present. All five men whose burial sites are known were privates in the company of militia led by Captain Samuel Eppes, First Lieutenant Benjamin Jacobs and Second Lieutenant Gideon Foster, who later became a General during the Revolutionary War. Jotham Webb and Perley Putnam were privates in the company of minutemen led by Captain Israel Hutchinson, First Lieutenant Enoch Putnam and Second Lieutenant Aaron Cheever.5 Captain Israel Hutchinson lived on Water Street in the Danversport section of Danvers; reportedly the two slain men of his company were laid out in his home after the Battle of Menotomy. 6 It is likely that Perley Putnam and Jotham Webb are buried in Danvers. More research is needed to determine their burial sites.
In nearby Danvers, adjacent to the Village Training Field on Centre Street in the Salem Village Historic District, is a memorial to Danvers men killed in battle in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Mexican War.
Danvers men who responded to the call of military service in the 1700's and 1800's prepared for war on this historic field. The seven Danvers Minutemen trained and gathered here with other Danvers Minutemen before their fateful march to Arlington on April 19, 1775. The names of the seven Danvers Minutemen killed at the Jason Russell House, along with thirteen additional Danvers men killed during the American Revolution, are memorialized on the Revolutionary War monument.
This journey has personal significance for me, as Perley Putnam, my husband's fifth-great granduncle, is one of the seven Danvers Minutemen immortalized on the monuments in Peabody and Danvers.
For more information about the Jason Russell House and the Battle of Menotomy, please visit my blog post Isaac Royal House and Jason Russell House Tours.
References:
1Old South Burying Ground (Peabody, Essex County, Massachusetts), George Southwick Jr. marker, photographed by Carol Swaine-Kuzel, 13 October 2014.
2Old South Burying Ground, Benjamin Deland Jr. marker, photographed by Carol Swaine-Kuzel, 13 October 2014.
3Old South Burying Ground, Ebenezer Goldthwaite marker, photographed by Carol Swaine-Kuzel, 13 October 2014.
4Old South Burying Ground, Samuel Cook Jr. marker, photographed by Carol Swaine-Kuzel, 13 October 2014.
5John Wesley Hanson, History of the Town of Danvers, From Its Early Settlement to the Year 1848 (Danvers, Mass.: Published by the author, 1848), 107-108.
6Richard B. Trask, Danvers (Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2002), 62.
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